Mechanism for efficient donning and doffing of an exoskeleton

ABSTRACT

A manual apparatus of the present disclosure enables quick connection and disconnection of an exoskeleton leg from a remaining body of an exoskeleton. The apparatus comprises a cavity defined by a housing coupled to the remaining body of the exoskeleton; a latch coupled to the remaining body of the exoskeleton, the latch comprising a latching feature; a clip body including a projection element extending from an end thereof, the clip body coupled to the exoskeleton leg; a handle rotatably coupled to a clip base on the clip body; and a hook rotatably coupled to the handle. When the hook is engaged with the latching feature and the handle rotated from a first unlatched position to a second latched position, the projection element moves inside the cavity.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/190,920, entitled “A MECHANISM FOR EFFICIENT DONNING AND DOFFING OF AN EXOSKELETON,” filed on Jun. 23, 2016, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application 62/183,407, filed on Jun. 23, 2015. Both of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure pertains to the art of medical exoskeletons. More specifically, this disclosure describes a mechanism that allows for improved donning and doffing of a medical exoskeleton.

BACKGROUND ART

A medical exoskeleton is often divided into two sections: the exoskeleton legs (which support the user's legs), and the remaining body of the exoskeleton (which supports the user's upper body). The location at which the exoskeleton legs and remaining body of the exoskeleton connect is called the torso-leg interface. If an exoskeleton is unable to separate at the torso-leg interface, the donning and doffing processes can be quite difficult and may require assistance from another individual. However, if the exoskeleton is modular and therefore can separate at the torso-leg interface, it has been shown that the donning and doffing processes can be performed independently by the exoskeleton user with increased ease.

Examples of modular medical exoskeletons include U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,190,141 B2 and 9,101,451, B2, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0351995 A1. All three aforementioned examples explicitly discuss the concept of an exoskeleton that can be separated into components and configured in a plethora of embodiments (i.e., modular). However, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,190,141 B2 and 9,101,451, B2 do not go into detail about the actual apparatus needed to connect and disconnect components of said modular exoskeleton. U.S. Application Publication No. 2015/0351995 A1 mentions that various components of a modular exoskeleton could be connected and disconnected by the user “on the fly”. However, the '995 publication provides very little detail about the structure of such a connection/disconnection apparatus and only briefly mentions that a connection interface exists and is “constituted by a simple bolted connection”. Thus, while the aforementioned patent documents teach a general desire for a modular exoskeleton, they do not teach infrastructure required to mechanically connect and disconnect components of a modular exoskeleton.

SUMMARY

In embodiments, a manual apparatus provides for quick connection and disconnection of an exoskeleton leg from a remaining body of an exoskeleton. The manual apparatus comprises: a cavity defined by a housing coupled to the remaining body of the exoskeleton; a latch coupled to the remaining body of the exoskeleton, the latch comprising a latching feature; a clip body including a projection element extending from an end thereof, the clip body coupled to the exoskeleton leg; a handle rotatably coupled to a clip base on the clip body; and a hook rotatable coupled to the handle. When the hook is engaged with the latching feature and the handle rotated from a first unlatched position to a second latched position, the projection element moves inside the cavity.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a medical exoskeleton in a disconnected position;

FIG. 2 is a close-up view of a manual connection and disconnection apparatus for a medical exoskeleton in a disconnected position;

FIG. 3 is an embodiment of a medical exoskeleton in a connected position;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a manual connection and disconnection apparatus for a medical exoskeleton;

FIG. 5 is an isolated view of a manual connection and disconnection apparatus for a medical exoskeleton during doffing;

FIG. 6 is a side profile of the handle, hook, latch, and base of a manual connection and disconnection apparatus for a medical exoskeleton;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the handle, hook, latch, and base shown in FIG. 5, shown in a connected position;

FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the handle, hook, latch and base shown in FIG. 5, shown in a disconnected position;

FIG. 9 is a side profile of a mating interface of a manual connection and disconnection apparatus for a medical exoskeleton, shown in the connected position; and

FIG. 10 is a side profile of the mating interface shown in FIG. 9, shown in a disconnected position.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a manual apparatus 101 for quick connection and disconnection of an exoskeleton leg 102 from the remaining body of the exoskeleton indicated at 104. Exoskeleton leg 102 and the remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 make up the entire exoskeleton 100. Typically, the entire exoskeleton 100 is worn by a user 106, as shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 2 shows a close-up view of apparatus 101 as mentioned in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, apparatus 101 comprises a cavity 108 defined by a housing 109 which is coupled to remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 as shown in FIG. 1. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that housing 109 can be its own independent component coupled to another element of exoskeleton 100 or manufactured as a part of another component of exoskeleton 100 that already serves a predefined function. Apparatus 101 further comprises a latch 110 formed on housing 109. In some embodiments, latch 110 comprises a latching feature (e.g., flange) 112 extending from housing 109. Similarly, an ordinary skilled in the art would recognize that latch 110 can be its own independent component coupled to another element of exoskeleton 100 or manufactured as a part of another component of exoskeleton 100 that already serves a predefined function. In addition to cavity 108 and latch 110, remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 also consists of a pelvic support 114 (shown in FIG. 1) and a hip actuator 116.

FIG. 2 also shows a clip body 117 of apparatus 101, which is coupled to exoskeleton leg 102 (shown in FIG. 1). In some embodiments, clip body 117 is formed on the exoskeleton leg 102. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that clip body 117 can be its own independent component coupled to another element of exoskeleton 100 or manufactured as a part of another component of exoskeleton 100 that already serves a predefined function. Clip body 117 includes a projection element 118 extending from one end thereof, and a handle 120 which is rotationally coupled to a clip base 121 mounted to clip body 117 from its first end 122. Clip body 117 additionally comprises a hook 124 which is rotationally coupled to handle 120 at a middle portion 123 of said handle 120.

FIG. 1 also shows how exoskeleton leg 102 includes a knee joint 126, thigh bracing 128, shank bracing 130, side thigh support bars 132, and shank side support bars 134. In FIG. 1, the exoskeleton leg 102 and remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 are not yet connected. Thus, FIG. 1 represents a possible orientation of user 106 during a donning process of exoskeleton 100. In this configuration, user 106 has individually donned the exoskeleton leg 102 and remaining body of the exoskeleton 104, but has yet to connect exoskeleton leg 102 and remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 together. In order to fully don exoskeleton 100, user 106 must connect exoskeleton leg 102 and remaining body of exoskeleton 104 together. This is done when hook 124 is placed onto and over latching feature 112 (i.e., when hook 124 engages latching feature 112), projection element 118 is inserted into cavity 108, and handle 120 is pushed down by user 106 to rotate handle 120 from a first unlatched position to a second latched position, thereby causing hook 124 to catch against latching feature 112, and pull clip body 117 toward housing 109 such that projection element 118 is moved into and retained within cavity 108.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of exoskeleton 100 where exoskeleton leg 102 and remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 are connected together. In FIG. 3, projection element 118 is firmly inside of cavity 108. In this configuration, user 106 has completed the donning process and would be able to stand up and walk. Manual apparatus 101 is what allows for projection element 118 and cavity 108 to connect.

FIG. 4 shows an exploded view of a manual apparatus 101′. Manual apparatus 101′ includes a housing 109 defining a cavity 108, which is an extension of the hip actuator 116 on remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 (shown in FIG. 1). Additionally, manual apparatus 101 includes a clip body 117 in the form of thigh bracing 128 on exoskeleton leg 102. Clip body 117 includes a projection element 118 extending from one end thereof, which is an extension of thigh bracing 128. Manual apparatus 101 works by providing user 106 with a significant mechanical advantage during connection and separation of exoskeleton leg 102 and remaining body of the exoskeleton 104.

As shown in FIG. 4, manual apparatus 101′ is a three-bar mechanism that comprises a handle 120 which is rotably coupled to a clip base 121, adapted to be mounted to clip body 117 from its first end 122. Apparatus 101′ additionally comprises a hook 124 (third link) which is rotatably coupled to handle 120 at a middle portion 123 of said handle 120. Apparatus 101 further comprises a latch 110 which is coupled to remaining body of the exoskeleton 104. Latch 110 includes a latching feature 112 (shown in FIG. 5). When user 106 is attempting to draw projection element 118 into cavity 108, he or she can make use of manual apparatus 101 to assist in drawing projection element 118 into cavity 108 with ease. To make manual apparatus 101 effective, latch 110 is fixed to housing 109 on remaining body of exoskeleton 104 via fasteners (not shown) extending through holes 136 in housing 109. Additionally, first end 122 is fixed to clip body 117 on exoskeleton leg 102 via fasteners (not shown) extending through holes 138 in clip body 117. Once user 106 places hook 124 onto latching feature 112 of latch 110, manual apparatus 101 can be used to easily draw projection element 118 into cavity 108 by applying an appropriate force to handle 120. Once this is done, the over-center design of manual apparatus 101 is able to constrain projection element 118 and cavity 108 such that no relative motion occurs and projection element 118 remains inside cavity 108.

FIG. 4 also shows how a cover plate 140 is fixed to remaining body of exoskeleton 104 and encloses the medial side of cavity 108. Cover plate 140 restricts the manual apparatus 101 to one degree of freedom (projection element 118 sliding in and out of cavity 108). Without cover plate 140, projection element 118 could easily fall out of cavity 108. Cover plate 140 is fixed to remaining body of exoskeleton 104 via fasteners (not shown). Finally, a stopper 142 is fixed to holes 144 on remaining body of exoskeleton 104. Stopper 142 acts as a hard stop for hook 124 to press against when separating projection element 118 from cavity 108. The purpose of stopper 142 is explained in more clarity in FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 shows only manual apparatus 101′ and excludes the other components that comprise exoskeleton 100. FIG. 5 is provided to better show the purpose of stopper 142 during the doffing process of exoskeleton 100. During doffing, user 106 attempts to separate remaining body of the exoskeleton 104 from exoskeleton leg 102 by removing projection element 118 from cavity 108. Although manual apparatus 101′ provides a significant mechanical advantage to assist the donning process, without stopper 142, manual apparatus 101′ provides no mechanical advantage during the doffing process. FIG. 5 mimics a situation where user 106 is attempting to doff exoskeleton 100. It is shown that hook 124 of manual apparatus 101′ has separated from latch 110 of manual apparatus 101′. Now, hook 124 of manual apparatus 101′ is pressing against stopper 142. Because stopper 142 is fixed to remaining body of the exoskeleton 104, stopper 142 acts as a hard stop for hook 124 during the doffing process. Thus, by applying a force in the direction of arrow 146 at handle 120, user 102 is able to experience a mechanical advantage while separating projection element 118 (male piece) and housing 109 (female piece). This mechanical advantage is an important characteristic, as oftentimes friction makes it difficult to separate male piece 118 and female piece 109. Without stopper 142 acting as a hard stop for latch 124, this mechanical advantage during doffing would not be possible.

For clarity, FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 show different views of manual apparatus 101′. FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are isometric views of manual apparatus 101′ in connected and disconnected configurations, respectively. FIG. 6 shows a side view of manual apparatus 101′ and also depicts arrows 146 and 148. These arrows are designed to show the directions in which forces can be applied to handle 120 of manual apparatus 101′. If a sufficient force is applied in the direction of arrow 148, manual apparatus 101′ will pull projection element 118 of exoskeleton leg 102 into cavity 108 of remaining body of exoskeleton 104. Thus, a force in the direction of arrow 148 would he useful during the donning of exoskeleton 100. If a sufficient force is applied in the direction of arrow 146, manual apparatus 101′ will pull projection element 118 of exoskeleton leg 102 out of cavity 108 of remaining body of exoskeleton 104 (using stopper 142 as described previously). Thus, a force in the direction of arrow 146 would be useful during doffing. In summary, user 106 pushes handle 120 towards themselves (i.e., towards an outer surface of their leg) along the direction of arrow 148 for insertion of projection element 118 into cavity 108. Further, user 106 pushes handle 120 away from themselves (i.e., away from an outer surface of their leg) in the direction of arrow 146 for removal of projection element 118 from cavity 108.

FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show side views of the mating interface of projection element 118 and cavity 108. FIG. 9 shows the connected position, when projection element 118 is fully inserted inside of cavity 108. FIG. 10 shows the disconnected position, when projection element 118 is completely outside of cavity 108. In this embodiment, the mating interface of manual apparatus 101 makes use of a wedging contour. The purpose of this design is to ensure that no relative motion occurs between projection element 118 and cavity 108 when projection element 118 is fully inserted into cavity 108. Relative movement between projection element 118 and cavity 108 would result in an inefficient transfer of torque between hip actuator 116 and exoskeleton leg 102 during walking. By making an angle 150 (the contour angle of cavity 108) and an angle 152 (the contour angle of projection element 118) equivalent, significant area contact occurs between projection element 118 and cavity 108 during walking. This area contact helps distribute the pressures from varying loads, which helps prevent localized yielding. If angle 150 and angle 152 were not equivalent, loading pressures would not be as distributed, which could cause localized yielding during walking. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A manual apparatus for quick connection and disconnection of components of an exoskeleton, the manual apparatus comprising: a clip body, comprising a projection element extending therefrom, the clip body configured to be coupled to a first component of the exoskeleton; a housing, comprising a cavity, the cavity configured to be coupled to a second component of the exoskeleton, wherein the second component of the exoskeleton is separate and distinct from the first component of the exoskeleton when in a disconnected position; a latch, configured to be coupled to either the first component or the second component of the exoskeleton, the latch comprising a latching feature; a handle, configured to be rotatably coupled to either the first component or the second component of the exoskeleton, opposite the latch; and a hook, configured to be rotatably coupled to the handle, wherein when the hook is engaged with the latch and the handle is moved from an unlatched position to a latched position, the projection element of the clip body is drawn inside the cavity of the housing, thereby connecting the first component of the exoskeleton to the second component of the exoskeleton; and a stopper, configured to be disposed on either the first component or the second component of the exoskeleton, wherein when the handle is moved from the latched position to the unlatched position while the stopper constrains the hook, the projection element is drawn out of the cavity of the housing, thereby disconnecting the first component of the exoskeleton from the second component of the exoskeleton.
 2. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first component of the exoskeleton is an exoskeleton leg, and wherein the second component of the exoskeleton is a remaining body of the exoskeleton.
 3. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second component of the exoskeleton is an exoskeleton leg, and wherein the first component of the exoskeleton is a remaining body of the exoskeleton.
 4. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the projection element of the clip body is an integral part of the first component of the exoskeleton.
 5. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housing is an integral part of the second component of the exoskeleton.
 6. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the latch is configured to be coupled to the first component of the exoskeleton.
 7. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the latch is configured to be coupled to the second component of the exoskeleton.
 8. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the latch is an integral part of the first component of the exoskeleton.
 9. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the latch is an integral part of the second component of the exoskeleton.
 10. The manual apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cavity of the housing is formed with a contour angle that matches a contour angle of the projection element of the clip body, such that no relative motion occurs between the projection element and the cavity when the projection element is fully inserted into the cavity.
 11. A manual apparatus for quick connection and disconnection of components of an exoskeleton, the manual apparatus comprising: a projection element, configured to be coupled to a first component of the exoskeleton; a housing, comprising a cavity, the cavity configured to be coupled to a second component of the exoskeleton, wherein the second component of the exoskeleton is separate and distinct from the first component of the exoskeleton when in a disconnected position; a latch, configured to be coupled to either the first component or the second component of the exoskeleton; a handle, configured to be rotatably coupled to either the first component or the second component of the exoskeleton, opposite the latch; and a hook, configured to be rotatably coupled to the handle, wherein when the hook is engaged with the latch and the handle is moved from an unlatched position to a latched position, the projection element is drawn inside the cavity of the housing, thereby connecting the first component of the exoskeleton to the second component of the exoskeleton; and a stopper, configured to be disposed on either the first component or the second component of the exoskeleton, wherein when the handle is moved from the latched position to the unlatched position while the stopper constrains the hook, the projection element is drawn out of the cavity of the cavity, thereby disconnecting the first component of the exoskeleton from the second component of the exoskeleton.
 12. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first component of the exoskeleton is an exoskeleton leg, and wherein the second component of the exoskeleton is a remaining body of the exoskeleton.
 13. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second component of the exoskeleton is an exoskeleton leg, and wherein the first component of the exoskeleton is a remaining body of the exoskeleton.
 14. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the projection element is an integral part of the first component of the exoskeleton.
 15. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the housing is an integral part of the second component of the exoskeleton.
 16. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the latch is configured to be coupled to the first component of the exoskeleton.
 17. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the latch is configured to be coupled to the second component of the exoskeleton.
 18. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the latch is an integral part of the first component of the exoskeleton.
 19. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the latch is an integral part of the second component of the exoskeleton.
 20. The manual apparatus of claim 11, wherein the cavity of the housing is formed with a contour angle that matches a contour angle of the projection element, such that no relative motion occurs between the projection element and the cavity when the projection element is fully inserted into the cavity. 